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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Revised: 17 May 2025

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 10 June 2025

Declarations

:

: [SS] received the A.P. Møller Grant to cover travel and accommodation expenses for this study. [FC] received a European Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis clinical fellowship during the completion of this work. [AF] received a travel grant from Alexion. [FP] reports research grants and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Teva, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, MedImmune and is member of the steering committee of the OCTIMS study (Novartis), all unrelated to this work. [NA] No COI regarding this work. [MIL] is funded by the NHS (Myasthenia and Related Disorders Service and National Specialised Commissioning Group for Neuromyelitis Optica, UK) and by the University of Oxford, UK. She has been awarded research grants from UK associations for patients with myasthenia and with muscular disorders (Myaware and Muscular Dystrophy UK, respectively) and the University of Oxford. She has received speaker honoraria or travel grants from the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, argenx and UCB. She serves on scientific or educational advisory boards for argenx, Amgen and UCB. [RG] received support for scientific meetings and courses and honoraria for advisory work from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Jasen, MIAC, UCB. No COI regarding this work. [JP] has received support for scientific meetings and honorariums for advisory work From Merck Serono, Novartis, Chugai, Alexion, Roche, Medimmune, Amgen, Vitaccess, UCB, Mitsubishi, Amplo, Janssen. Grants from Alexion, Argenx, Clene, Roche, Medimmune, Amplo biotechnology. Patent ref P37347WO and licence agreement Numares multimarker MS diagnostics Shares in AstraZenica. Her group has been awarded an ECTRIMS fellowship and a Sumaira Foundation grant to start later this year. A Charcot fellow worked in Oxford 2019–2021. She acknowledges partial funding to the trust by Highly specialised services NHS England. She is on the medical advisory boards of the Sumaira Foundation and MOG project charities, Is a member of the Guthy Jackon Foundation Charity and is on the Board of the European Charcot Foundation and a member of MAGNIMS and the UK NHSE IVIG Committee and chairman of the NHSE neuroimmunology patient pathway and ECTRIMS Council member on the educational committee since June 2023. Currently on the ABN advisory groups for MS and neuroinflammation and recently on neuro-muscular diseases advisory group.

: Ethical approval was obtained under Oxfordshire Research Ethics Committee Reference: 21/SC/0353.

: Written informed consent to participate was obtained.

: Not applicable (see above ethical consideration and consent to participate).