Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 April 2025

Revised: 29 May 2025

Accepted: 2 June 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Ramona Miske and Stephanie Hahn are employees of Euroimmun AG. Divyanshu Dubey has consulted for UCB, Immunovant, Argenx, Arialys, and Astellas pharmaceuticals. All compensation for consulting activities is paid directly to Mayo Clinic. He is a named inventor on filed patent that relates to KLHL11 as marker of autoimmunity and germ cell tumor. He has patents pending for LUZP4-IgG, cavin-4-IgG, and SKOR2-IgG as markers of neurological autoimmunity. He has received funding from the DOD (CA210208 & PR220430), David J. Tomassoni ALS Research Grant Program, and UCB. Sean J. Pittock has received personal compensation for serving on scientific advisory boards or data safety monitoring boards for F. Hoffman-LaRoche AG, Genentech, Arialys, and UCB. His institution has received compensation for serving as a consultant for Astellas, Alexion/AstraZeneka, and Viela Bio/MedImmune/Amgen. All compensation is paid to Mayo Clinic. He has received research support from Alexion/AstraZeneka, Viela Bio/MedImmune/Amgen, Roche/Genentech, and Adimmune. He has a patent, Patent# 8,889,102 (Application#12-678350, Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantibodies as a Marker for Neoplasia)—issued; a patent, Patent# 9,891,219B2 (Application#12-573942, Methods for Treating Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) by Administration of Eculizumab to an individual that is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG Autoantibody positive)-issued and from which he has received royalties and a patent for GFAP-IgG; Septin-5-IgG; MAP1B-IgG; Kelch-like protein 11; PDE10A pending. He is working as a consultant in the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory Clinical Service. The Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory commercially offers MOG-IgG testing, but revenue accrued does not contribute to salary, research support, or personal income. Anastasia Zekeridou has patents submitted for DACH1-IgG, PDE10A-IgG, and Tenascin-R-IgG as biomarkers of neurological autoimmunity. She has received research funding from Roche/Genetech and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology at Mayo Clinic relevant to this manuscript. She has consulted without personal compensation for Alexion pharmaceuticals. Andrew McKeon has patents issued for GFAP and MAP1B-IgGs and patents pending for Septins-5 and -7, and KLCHL11-IgGs; and has consulted for Roche pharmaceuticals, without personal compensation.