Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Revised: 23 June 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Declarations

:

: W.H. Fung: nothing to report; M. Wessels: nothing to report; E.M.E. Coerver: nothing to report; J. de Beukelaar received (research) grants from the Dutch National MS Foundation (OZ2019-19, OZ2021-19 and P2023-003) and Stichting BeterKeten; W.H. Bouvy: nothing to report; L. Canta received study compensation fees for Consonance study, Esteem study, Lemtrada Pass study and TOP study; O.H.H. Gerlach: nothing to report; E. Hoitsma received speaker fees from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme; authorship fee from Sandoz and study compensation fees for Calliper study, Esteem study and Lemtrada Pass study (study payments to institution); E. Hoogervorst: nothing to report; B.A. de Jong receives research support from Dutch MS Research Foundation, National MS Foundation, Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Association, and Zorgverzekeraars Nederland (i.e. umbrella organization of health insurers in the Netherlands); N.F. Kalkers: nothing to report; Z.L.E. van Kempen: nothing to report; H. Lövenich: nothing to report; C.E.P. van Munster: nothing to report; B.W. van Oosten: nothing to report; J. Smolders received speaker and/or consultancy fees from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi; A. Vennegoor: nothing to report; E. Zeinstra served on advisory boards/received consultancy fees for Merck, Novartis, Genzyme and Roche; M. Barrantes-Cepas is supported by research grants from Merck and Atara Biotherapeutics; G. Kooij received grant from the Dutch Research Council (NWO Vidi grant 91719305 to G.K.), the Dutch MS Research Foundation (18-1023MS to G.K.) and research grants from Biogen, Merck and Novartis; M.M. Schoonheim serves on the editorial board of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal and Frontiers in Neurology, receives research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, Eurostars-EUREKA, ARSEP, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MAGNIMS and ZonMW (Vidi grant, project number 09150172010056) and has served as a consultant for or received research support from Atara Biotherapeutics, Biogen, Celgene/Bristol Meyers Squibb, EIP, Sanofi, MedDay and Merck; B.I. Lissenberg-Witte: nothing to report; B. Moraal: nothing to report; F. Barkhof serves on the steering committee and is iDMC member for Biogen, Merck, Roche, EISAI. He acts as a consultant for Roche, Biogen, Merck, IXICO, Jansen, Combinostics. He has research agreements with Novartis, Merck, Biogen, GE, Roche. He is co-founder and share–holder of Queen Square Analytics LTD; B.M.J. Uitdehaag reports consultancy fees from Immunic Therapeutics; J. Mostert: nothing to report; C.E. Teunissen reports funding from National MS Society (Progressive MS alliance) and Innovative Medicines Initiatives 3TR (Horizon 2020, grant no 831434). CET has a research contract with Celgene. She serves on editorial boards of Medidact Neurologie/Springer, Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, and is editor of a Neuromethods book Springer; J. Killestein received research grants for multicentre investigator initiated trials DOT-MS trial, ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04260711 (ZonMW) and BLOOMS trial (ZonMW and Treatmeds), ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT05296161); received consulting fees for F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Biogen, Teva, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi/Genzyme (all payments to institution); reports speaker relationships with F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Biogen, Immunic, Teva, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi/Genzyme (all payments to institution); adjudication committee of MS clinical trial of Immunic (payments to institution only); E.M.M. Strijbis serves on the editorial board of Frontiers in Neurology and receives research support from Stichting MS Research and ZonMW. Received speaker fees from Merck and Novartis.