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Retinal microvascular differences between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study with diagnostic modeling

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-025-13451-z

Published Online: 2025-10-16

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liu, Ruishan

Kong, Lingyao

Cao, Le

Wang, Hang

Kwapong, William Robert

Shi, Ziyan

Lan, Tianxiang

Liu, Junfeng

Liu, Guina

Zhou, Hongyu

Wu, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-9965
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20690)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071320, 82371322)

the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2506603)

Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0504900)

Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region, China (XZ202501ZY0120)

“Qimingxing” Research Fund for Young Talents (HXQMX0052)

1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence–Clinical Research Fund, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2024HXFH023)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-01

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-01
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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Revised: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 16 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this study.

: The West China Hospital of Sichuan University Ethics Committee approved the study (Ethics No. 2020 [922]).

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