Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 September 2025

Revised: 20 October 2025

Accepted: 24 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was deemed unnecessary as this is an expert opinion piece that did not involve patients data collection or analysis.

: Andrea Morotti reports consulting fees from EMC-REG International and AstraZeneca. Magdy Selim reports grant support from the NIH (NINDS and NIA); consulting services with Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AegisCN, LLC and MedRhythms, Inc; stock holdings in NeuGel, Inc; and royalties Up-To-Date Inc. Joseph Broderick reports consulting fees from Basking Biosciences. Roche Pharmaceuticals/Genentech, and from Kroger Prescription Plans, Inc’s Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee-ended January 2025. Novo Nordisk provides study medication and financial support for NINDS funded FASTEST trial (not salary). Andrew Demchuk reports consultant fees and honoraria for CME events; director core imaging lab for ICrH volumetrics, ANNEXA-4 and ANNEX-I trials. Dr Seiffge reports receiving grants from AstraZeneca, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Heart Foundation, and Bangerter Rhyner Foundation outside the submitted work and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Bioxodes, and VarmX to Inselspital Bern. Wendy Ziai receives grant funding from the National Institutes of Health and is an Associate Editor for the journal Neurocritical Care. Charlotte Cordonnier has received grant funding from the French Ministry of Health, the French National Research Agency as part of the future investment program integrated into France 2030, under grant agreement No. ANR-23-RHUS-06 (RHU TIPITCH), and consulting services with Bayer. She also reports membership of several data and safety monitoring boards for clinical trials, and Associate Editor of the Stroke journal. Catharina Klijn reports being on the steering committee of the cAPPricorn trial under a consulting services agreement between Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Radboud university medical center, and receiving grants for the Dutch ICH Surgery Trial, to Radboudumc and the CONTRAST consortium of Penumbra Inc. and to Radboudumc of the Promising Care funding scheme of the National Health Care Institute and ZonMw (2021038368). Thorsten Steiner was PI in ATACH-2, REVERSE, INCH, rFVIIa-studies, and is PI in the CLUTCH study; received consultancy fees from Bayer, Portola, Alexion, AstraZeneca, Daiichy Sankyo, BMS Pfizer, Boehringer; Research grant from Octapharma. Dar Dowlatshahi holds CIHR funding as the Canadian PI of the I-CATCHER ICH bundle implementation trial and has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca. Craig Anderson has received grant funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia, the Medical Research Foundation (MRF) of the UK, and AstraZeneca paid to his institution. He also reports membership of several data and safety monitoring boards for clinical trials, Editor-in-chief of Cerebrovascular Diseases, and President-elect of the World Stroke Organization. Stephan Mayer reports NIH funding for the FASTEST trial (5U01NS110772-02) and consulting fees from AstraZeneca. Josh Goldstein has received research funding from NIH, and consulting from Astrazeneca, CSL Behring, Octapharma, Takeda, NControl, Cayuga, and Pfizer.