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Article History

Received: 1 September 2025

Revised: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 30 November 2025

First Online: 21 December 2025

Declarations

:

: None related to this project.

: The ASTRAL database is approved by our institution as a clinical and research registry and follows institutional regulations. All data come from routine clinical and radiological management. Before analysis, the data were anonymized, i.e., the datasets did not contain any direct or unique identifiers such as a unique ID number or name, address or date of birth. This procedure respects the anonymization principles of the Swiss Human Research Ordinance from 2013 (HRO, Art. 25). Patients received written information from the hospital that their routinely collected clinical data may be used for quality and scientific purposes. However, there is no legal need for patient consent, for considering patient refusal to participate in quality control projects, for ethical commission approval for the use of such data in an anonymized form, or for quality assessment projects according to the Swiss Human Research Act (HRA, Art. 3) and the applicable data protection legislation.

: We will make supplementary files and key datasets openly available in appropriate digital data repositories that conform to the Fair Data principles and maintained by a non-profit organisation to demonstrate reproducibility. Unstructured data will be shared via the H2020 data repository Zenodo-FBM/CHUV community.