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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Revised: 25 October 2025

Accepted: 30 November 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: TM has received grants, personal fees, non-financial support and research support from AL-S Pharma, Amylyx, Cytokinetics, Ferrer, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Sanofi, Orphazyme, and served on the advisory boards of Amylyx, Biogen, and ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. TM and CM are founders and shareholders of the Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, which makes the mobile application “ALS-App.” TG has received personal fees from ITF Pharma and served on the advisory boards of Amylyx and ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. SP has received speaker fees, non-financial support and research support from Biogen, Roche, ALS Pharma, Amylyx, Cytokinetics, Ferrer, ITF Pharma, and Sanofi and served on advisory boards of Amylyx, Biogen, Roche, Zambon and ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. PW has served on advisory boards of Biogen, ITF Pharma and Novartis outside of the submitted work. RG has received grants, personal fees, non-financial support and research support from Biogen and served on the advisory boards of Biogen, Roche, and ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. MV received travel expenses and non-financial support from ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. AM has received personal fees, non-financial support, and research support from ITF Pharma and Zambon outside the submitted work. PK received consulting fees from Biogen. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was ethically approved under numbers EA2/168/20 and EA1/219/15.