Kac, Przemysław R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-0924
González-Escalante, Armand
Milà-Alomà, Marta
Ashton, Nicholas J.
Shekari, Mahnaz
Ortiz-Romero, Paula
Turton, Michael
Harrison, Peter
Zetterberg, Henrik
Gispert, Juan Domingo
Karikari, Thomas K.
Suárez-Calvet, Marc
Blennow, Kaj
Funding for this research was provided by:
Demensförbundet
Anna-Lisa och Bror Björnssons Stiftelse
Alzheimer's Association (AARF-23-1141384)
Alzheimer's Association ((#ADSF-21-831376-C)
Alzheimer's Association (#ADSF-21-831381-C)
Alzheimer's Association (#ADSF-21-831377-C)
Alzheimer's Association (#ADSF-24-1284328-C)
Alzheimer's Association (ZEN-21-848495)
Alzheimer's Association (#AARF-21-850325)
Vetenskapsrådet (#2023-00356)
Vetenskapsrådet (#2022-01018)
Vetenskapsrådet (#2019-02397)
Vetenskapsrådet (#ALFGBG-71320)
Vetenskapsrådet (#2017-00915)
Vetenskapsrådet ((#ALFGBG-715986)
Vetenskapsrådet (#ALFGBG-965240)
Vetenskapsrådet (2021-03244)
HORIZON EUROPE Reforming and enhancing the European Research and Innovation system (101053962)
HORIZON EUROPE Reforming and enhancing the European Research and Innovation system (948677)
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (201809-2016862)
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (#RDAPB-201809-2016615)
European Partnership on Metrology (NEuroBioStand)
European Partnership on Metrology (#22HLT07)
the Bluefield Project
Cure Alzheimer's Fund
Olav Thon Stiftelsen
Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse
Familjen Rönströms Stiftelse
Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor
Hjärnfonden (#FO2022-0270)
Hjärnfonden (#FO2017-0243)
Hjärnfonden (#ALZ2022-0006)
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (860197 (MIRIADE))
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (No 847648 LCF/BQ/PR21/11840004)
EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694)
University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
UK Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI-1003)
Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya (SLD077/21/000001)
Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya (PI19/00155)
Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya (PI22/00456)
'la Caixa' Foundation (ID 100010434)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Alzheimerfonden (#AF-930351)
Alzheimerfonden (#AF-939721)
Alzheimerfonden (#AF-968270)
European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236)
National Institute of Health (#1R01AG068398-01)
National Institute of Health (1 RF1 AG052525-01A1)
National Institute of Health (5 P30 AG066468-04)
National Institute of Health (5 R01 AG053952-05)
National Institute of Health (3 R01 MH121619-04S1)
National Institute of Health (5 R37 AG023651-18)
National Institute of Health (2 RF1 AG025516-12A1)
National Institute of Health (5 R01 AG073267-02)
National Institute of Health (2 R01 MH108509-06)
National Institute of Health (5 R01 AG075336-02)
National Institute of Health (5 R01 AG072641-02)
National Institute of Health (2 P01 AG025204-16)
WaAina (Ann) llströms and Mary-Ann Sjöbloms stiftelsen
Emil och Wera Cornells Stiftelse
University of Gothenburg
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Revised: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
:
: MT and PH are employees of Bioventix Plc. HZ has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, and has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and WebMD. KB has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for Abcam, Axon, BioArctic, Biogen, JOMDD/Shimadzu, Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pharmatrophix, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers. HZ and KB are co-founders of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB, a GU Ventures-based platform company at the University of Gothenburg. NJA has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Lilly, BioArctic, and Quanterix. MSC has received in the past 36mo consultancy/speaker fees (paid to the institution) from Almirall, Eli Lilly, Quanterix, Novo Nordisk, and Roche Diagnostics. He has received consultancy fees or served on advisory boards (paid to the institution) of Eli Lilly, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, and Roche Diagnostics. He was granted a project and is a site investigator of a clinical trial (funded to the institution) by Roche Diagnostics. In-kind support for research (to the institution) was received from ADx Neurosciences, Alamar Biosciences, ALZPath, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Janssen Research & Development, Meso Scale Discovery, and Roche Diagnostics; MSC did not receive any personal compensation from these organizations or any other for-profit organization. JDG has received research support from GE Healthcare, Roche Diagnostics, and Hoffmann-La Roche; has given lectures in symposia sponsored by General Electric, Philips, Life Molecular Imaging, and Biogen; has served on scientific advisory boards for Prothena and as a consultant for Roche Diagnostics; and is the inventor, founder, and co-owner of BetaScreen. The other authors declare that there are no competing interests.