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Authors
Berger, Charlotte https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2028-8281
Hammer, Helly
Costa, Marino
Lowiec, Pawel
Yagensky, Andriy
Scutelnic, Adrian
Antonenko, Kateryna
Biletska, Olga
Karaszewski, Bartosz
Sarikaya, Hakan
Zdrojewski, Tomasz
Klymiuk, Anastasiia
Bassetti, Claudio LA.
Yashchuk, Natalia
Chwojnicki, Kamil
Arnold, Marcel
Saner, Hugo
Heldner, Mirjam R.
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Revised: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: MRH reports grants from SITEM Research Funds and the Swiss Heart Foundation, outside the submitted work, and grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation partly related to the submitted work. KA reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, partly related to the submitted work. All other co-authors report no disclosures directly related to this manuscript.
: The Bernese stroke registry was approved by the local ethics committee (KEK Bern 2016-01905) for quality control and research. Informed consent for study participation was waived by the ethics committee, and patients were informed about the registry and the potential use of their data for research. In accordance with the Swiss law, patients who refused the use of their data for research were excluded from the analysis. For patients from Poland and Ukraine, the study protocol and supporting material were approved by the local ethics committee and each patient signed a consent form for the use of their data for research. This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and data analyses followed STROBE reporting guidelines.
