Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 November 2025

Revised: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 20 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: M. Zavarella, B. Sorrenti, C. Butera, G. Bonelli, L. Bosco, T. Russo, A. Ratti, and P. Schito have nothing to disclose. Y.M. Falzone is Associate Editor of Frontiers Neuromuscular Disorders and Peripheral Neuropathies; received compensation for consulting services or speaking honoraria from Alexion, Alnylam, Argenx and Takeda; participation in Advisory Boards for Argenx and Takeda. S. C. Previtali is Associate Editor of Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience; received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company Argenx, Alexion, Alia Therapeutics, LSC Lifescience; has served on advisory boards for Company Argenx, Wave Therapeutics and Esperare. Prof. Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; received compensation for consulting services from Almirall, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; speaking activities from Amgen, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck, Neopharmed Gentili, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GE Healthcare Ltd, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, and Sanofi-Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla.

: The present study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration (Fortaleza revision, 2013) and with European and Italian regulations about privacy. Patient gave informed consent to study inclusion and to the publication of the case report.