Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2016-02349)
Vetenskapsrådet (2020-01998)
Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd (2015-00195)
Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd (2019-00697)
Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2020-0077)
Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2024-0344)
Margareta af Ugglas Foundation
Swedish Foundation for MS Research
Neuro Sweden
Karolinska Institute
Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Guo has nothing to disclose; Olsson has received lecture/advisory board honoraria, and unrestricted MS research grants from Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi and Merck; Alfredsson reports personal fees from Teva and Biogen outside the submitted work; Hedström serves on the editorial board of MS Journal.