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Authors
Klein Kranenbarg, Romy A. M. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3460-9948
Blok, Katelijn M.
van Hasselt, Yifan
Melisse, Sylvia
Asahaad, Nabil
de Brabander, Christiaan
Claes, Franka
Hoppenbrouwers, Ilse
Jafari, Naghmeh
van Rooij, Luuk
Samijn, Johnny
Smolders, Joost
Wokke, Beatrijs
de Beukelaar, Janet
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stichting BeterKeten
Dutch National MS Foundation (OZ2021-019)
Dutch National MS Foundation (2019-019)
Albert Schweitzer Hospital (Stipendium 2021-012)
Albert Schweitzer Hospital (GoedIdee Subsidie)
Stichting MS Research (23-490g)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2025
Revised: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: Joost S received research support from Biogen, Roche, Siemens Healthineers and Hansa Biopharma, and lecture and/or consultancy fee from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The SPIN-P study received approval from the medical ethics committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam (MEC-2019-0845). All participants provided written informed consent.
