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Authors
Guerra, Tommaso
Lucisano, Giuseppe
Rocca, Maria A.
Cocco, Eleonora
Patti, Francesco
De Luca, Giovanna
Portaccio, Emilio
Foschi, Matteo
Ferraro, Diana
Pozzilli, Carlo
Romano, Silvia
Annovazzi, Pietro
Brescia Morra, Vincenzo
Tortorella, Carla
Fantozzi, Roberta
Perini, Paola
Coniglio, Maria Gabriella
Salemi, Giuseppe
Inglese, Matilde
Maniscalco, Giorgia Teresa
Torri Clerici, Valentina Liliana Adriana Maria
Lugaresi, Alessandra
Lus, Giacomo
Colombo, Elena
Granella, Franco
Cavalla, Paola
Di Sapio, Alessia
Conte, Antonella
Cerqua, Raffaella
Totaro, Rocco
Caputo, Francesca
Paolicelli, Damiano
Farina, Alberto
Mondino, Margaret Mary
Todaro, Daniele Santo
Olivieri, Nunzio
Amato, Maria Pia
Filippi, Massimo
Trojano, Maria
Iaffaldano, Pietro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-1731
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sanofi Italia (This project was supported by Sanofi s.r.l.)
Sanofi Italia (Milan)
Sanofi Italia (Italy)
Sanofi Italia (on the basis of a Sponsored Research Agreement in place with the University of Bari Aldo Moro)
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Revised: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 15 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this study. They note, however, that patients included in the analysis received various disease-modifying therapies, and several authors have received honoraria, travel grants, consulting fees, research support, or participated in advisory boards sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, including Actelion, Allergan, Almirall, Alexion, Amgen, Bayer Schering, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Excemed, Genzyme, Forward Pharma, Ipsen, Medday, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi, Roche, Teva, and their affiliates.
: RISM was approved by the ethical committee at the “Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria—Policlinico of Bari” (Study REGISTRO SM001—approved on 8 July 2016) and by local ethics committees in all participating centers.
: Patients signed an informed consent to collect and use their clinical data for research purposes.
