Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 January 2026

Revised: 27 March 2026

Accepted: 31 March 2026

First Online: 18 April 2026

Declarations

:

: ML received honoraria for speaking, advisory boards and compensation for congress participations from Sanofi, Roche, Biogen, Amicus Therapeutics, Alexion Astrazeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Lupin, Argenx, and UCB, outside the submitted work. LM also received funding for a fellowship from Biogen and Alexion Astrazeneca. CM received honoraria for speaking from Alexion Astrazeneca, Argenx, and UCB, outside the submitted work. GGE received honoraria for participation in advisory boards for Amicus Therapeutics. MR received support for attending meetings or participation in data safety monitoring board/advisory board fees from Alexion, Argenx, Johnson & Johnson, and UCB Pharma. VF received funding for travel, speaking and advisory board from Alexion, UCB Pharma, Argenx. FR received funding for travel, consulting, meeting attendance and advisory board participation by Alexion, UCB, Argenx, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme. CA received funding for meeting attendance, travel and advisory board participation from Alexion, UCB, Argenx, Johnson&Johnoson. BS received honoraria for speaking, advisory boards and compensation for congress participations from Sanofi, Roche, Biogen, Alexion Astrazeneca, outside the submitted work. RE, PE, FR, BF, AF, DMA, CA, have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors are also part of the European Reference Network Euro-NMD.

: This retrospective study was submitted for approval to the Comitato Etico Territoriale (CET) Lombardia 4 (approval n. CET 87/24), and conducted in accordance with the principles laid down by the 18th World Medical Assembly (Declaration of Helsinki, 1964) and subsequent amendments. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, data were collected anonymously and analyzed as aggregated data. All patients signed informed consent for using their biological samples for research.