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Authors
Barba, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1328-3620
Romoli, Michele
Benkert, Pascal
Hofer, Lisa
Maia, Luis F.
Dias, Alexandre
Magalhães, Rui
Vaz, Catarina Guedes
Emmerich, Jan
Barlinn, Kristian
Vollmuth, Christoph
Neugebauer, Hermann
Truffi, Marta
Morasso, Carlo
Ferrari, Federica
O’Connell, Grant
Tiedt, Steffen
Moumin, Dilara
Gattringer, Thomas
Kneihsl, Markus
Khalil, Michael
Pedersen, Annie
Stanne, Tara M.
Furutjäll, Sofia
Jern, Christina
Nielsen, Helle H.
Lambertsen, Kate L.
Eun, Mi-Yeon
Ahn, June Woo
Thanapornsangsuth, Poosanu
Rattanawong, Wanakorn
Pujol-Calderón, Fani
Zetterberg, Henrik
Blennow, Kaj
Hahn, Marianne
Uphaus, Timo
Gröschel, Klaus
Tudisco, Valentina
Klingbeil, Julian
Guthknecht, Arthur
Abu-Rumeileh, Samir
Sacco, Simona
Foschi, Matteo
D’Anna, Lucio
Kuhle, Jens
Otto, Markus
Caso, Valeria
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (JCS24/02)
Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (CS22/06)
ERA-NET NEURON
HORIZON EUROPE Health
SYNAPSING
PREDICT-FTD
Boehringer Ingelheim
Fondation Leducq (21CVD04)
European Joint Program for Rare Diseases (EJPRD23-010)
Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMUexcellent: NFF-1507)
Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (Medical)
Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (Clinician Scientist Program (MCSP): ACS-16)
Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung (52/23)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF22OC0079804)
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond (0134-00084B)
Lundbeck Foundation (R467-2024-481)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (374031971–TRR 240)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (UNION CVD)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project No. 413657723)
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (Z-3BC/11)
Ministero della Salute (EuroNanoMed III JTC 2018)
Austrian Science Fund (https://doi.org/10.55776/KLI995)
Hjärt-Lungfonden (20220184)
Swedish Research Council (2021-01114)
Swedish Research Council ((#2023-00356)
Swedish Research Council (#2022-01018)
Swedish Research Council (#2019-02397)
Swedish State, ALF Agreement (ALFGBG-965328)
Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse
European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (101053962)
Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (ALFGBG-71320)
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Revised: 24 April 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
:
: ST reports a patent on the use of BD-tau (WO 2025/056634) and consulting fees from Quanterix. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZ Therapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of CERimmune Therapeutics (outside submitted work). All other authors have no conflicts of interest related to this work to report.
: Studies included in this IPD meta-analysis received approval by the local Ethics Committees of the recruiting centers. All patients or their legal representatives gave written informed consent to participate in the studies included in this IPD meta-analysis. Individual contributors ensured that data sharing was in agreement with local regulations. For the unpublished cohorts, study protocols were approved by the local Ethics Committees of Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (reference n.: 2021–101) and University of Würzburg (reference n.: 05/20-am, DRKS00022064). The Graz cohort was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration nr.: NCT05273216) and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz (ethic vote numbers: 24260 ex 11/12 and 30254 ex 17/18).
