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Article History

Received: 11 February 2026

Revised: 24 April 2026

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 23 May 2026

Declarations

:

: DG has received speaking honoraria from Pfizer and Bristol Myers Squibb outside the submitted work and received financial support for attending meetings and travel by Bayer and participated in this research project funded by Bayer with funds paid to the institution where he is employed. AG-P and LAGR work for Centro Español Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica, which has received research grants from Bayer. KTJ is an employee of Bayer A/S, and may own shares or share options in the company. BBH and SM have nothing to disclose. KK is an employee of Bayer Hispania, S.L.U., and may own shares or share options in the company. LB is an employee of Bayer AG and may own shares or share options in the company. JX is an employee of Bayer Inc., and may own shares or share options in the company. DL has received advisory board honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and a consultancy payment for this study from Bayer. MS received research and consulting funding from Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Janssen Global Services LLC, Alexion, Anthos and Novartis.

: This study is based in part on data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink obtained under license from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. The data is provided by patients and collected by the National Health Service as part of their care and support. The interpretation and conclusions contained in this study are those of the author/s alone. Copyright © (2025), re-used with the permission of the Health & Social Care Information Centre. All rights reserved.Regarding the English CPRD data, the study protocol (number 23_003598) was approved by eRAP.Regarding the Danish data, the study was approved by the Region of Southern Denmark in accordance with Danish law regarding register-based research, and informed consent was waived because the data were pseudonymized.

: All authors from Bayer participated in the organization of the study design, interpretation of the results, contribution to the manuscript drafts and revisions, and the decision to approve the publication of the final manuscript.

: For the Danish data, Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Sören Möller, and David Gaist conducted the data analyses. For the English data, Antonio Gonzáléz-Pérez and Luis Alberto Garcia Rodriguez conducted the data analyses.

: This publication is based on an observational study, which is not within the scope of Bayer’s current data sharing policy ( ). As a result, the underlying data from this study are not available for sharing via vivli.org or other data sharing platforms. The public availability of this data is restricted because of participant privacy and data ownership limitations.