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Article History

Received: 14 March 2026

Revised: 10 May 2026

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Michael Guger received support and honoraria for research, consultation, lectures and education from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon, Janssen, MedDay, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Aventis and TEVA ratiopharm. Christian Enzinger received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Shire, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd./sanofi-aventis, research support from Biogen, Merck, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd./sanofi-aventis and serving on scientific advisory boards for Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Rochen and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd./sanofi- Aventis. Bettina Heschl received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva. Franziska Di Pauli has participated in meetings sponsored by, received honoraria (lectures, advisory boards, consultations) or travel funding from Amgen, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Sandoz, Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche and Teva. Christiane Gradl has participated in meetings sponsored by or received honoraria (lectures, advisory boards, consultations) and/or travel funding from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, D-Pharma, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda Pharmaceutical and Teva-ratiopharm. Stefan Kalcher declares that there is no conflict of interest. Erich Kvas declares that there is no conflict of interest. Thomas Berger has participated in meetings sponsored by and received honoraria (lectures, advisory boards, consultations) from pharmaceutical companies marketing treatments for multiple sclerosis: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Biologix, Bionorica, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Eisai, GW Pharma, Horizon, Janssen-Cilag, MedDay, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, TG Pharmaceuticals, TEVA-ratiopharm and UCB. His institution has received financial support in the last 12 months by unrestricted research grants (Biogen, Bayer, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, and TEVA ratiopharm) and for participation in clinical trials in multiple sclerosis sponsored by Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sanofi, and TEVA.

: The AMSTR complies with Austrian bioethics laws and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna (EC number 2096/2013).