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Authors
De Santis, Federico
Foschi, Matteo
Gabriele, Francesca
D’Anna, Lucio
Zini, Andrea
Paolucci, Matteo
Forlivesi, Stefano
Migliaccio, Ludovica
Viola, Maria Maddalena
Rizzo, Angelo Cascio
Sessa, Maria
Schwarz, Ghil
Tortorella, Rachele
Banerjee, Soma
Desai, Gaurav
Ahmed, Kazi Farhad
Prandin, Gabriele
Pantoni, Leonardo
Mele, Francesco
Scopelliti, Giuseppe
Cova, Ilaria
Valente, Mariarosaria
Maisano, Domenico
Antonelli, Luca
Bagnato, Maria Rosaria
Di Mauro, Giovanni
Bernocchi, Francesca
Di Donna, Martina Gaia
Casolla, Barbara
Diallo, Souleymane-M.-Bara
Alvarez, Baptiste
Contenti, Julie
González-Martìn, Laura
Rigual, Ricardo
Fuentes, Blanca
Hervás-Testal, Carlos
Candelaresi, Paolo
Andreone, Vincenzo
De Mase, Antonio
Spina, Emanuele
de Sousa, Diana Aguiar
Souza, Mariana Almudi
Fior, Alberto
Serôdio, Miguel
Caliandro, Pietro
Zauli, Aurelia
Reale, Giuseppe
Abdelalim, Ahmed
Ahmed, Sandra
Ismail, Samah Ali
Zhang, Liqun
Latimer, Tara
Elboghdady, Muhammad
Elbassiouny, Ahmed
Roushdy, Tamer
Shokri, Hossam
Ferrari, Federica
Loizzo, Nicola Davide
Mazzacane, Federico
Guarino, Maria
Barone, Valentina
Forti, Paola
Rinaldi, Giuseppe
Rossi, Marco Vito
Laterza, Vincenzo
Frisullo, Giovanni
Rizzo, Pier Andrea
Broccolini, Aldobrando
Mannino, Marina
Terruso, Valeria
Caggiula, Marcella
Rizzo, Annalisa
Fonseca, Ana Catarina
Antunes, Bernardo
Barbosa, Ana M.
Budincevic, Hrvoje
Crnac, Petra
Viticchi, Giovanna
Silvestrini, Mauro
Barba, Lorenzo
Musienko, Viktoria
Otto, Markus
Lochner, Piergiorgio
Landau, Benjamin
Buddha, Sandeep
Khalil, Roumeisa
Piscaglia, Maria Grazia
Minguzzi, Elena
Zedde, Marialuisa
Nasreldein, Ahmed
Vinciguerra, Luisa
Costa, Luis Rufo
Elsayed, Ahmed Elsaid
AlBanna, Mona
Tudisco, Laura
Mosconi, Maria Giulia
Polymeris, Alexandros A.
Merlino, Giovanni
Sacco, Simona
Ornello, Raffaele https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-4031
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2026
Revised: 8 July 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 17 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: Competing interests. A. Zini declares consulting and speaker fees from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Alexion, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, PIAM, and Amgen; and advisory board fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer, and AstraZeneca. L. Pantoni declares consultancy fees from Medtronic, PIAM, and Amicus. B. Casolla declares speaker fees from ACTICOR Biotech and Sanofi-Aventis France. H. Budincevic declares speaker fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Viatris, Novartis, Pliva-Teva, Abbott, Medis, Eli Lilly, Berlin Chemie, Pfizer, and Roche. R. Ornello reports speaker fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, and Teva. S. Sacco reports consultant fees from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Teva, Allergan, Pfizer Canada, Abbott Canada, Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, and Eli Lilly and declares compensation for other services from Novartis. All other authors report no relevant disclosures.
Ethical approval: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The ASPERA study protocol has been registered and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Abruzzo Region (CETRA) with protocol number 033054/25; it is publicly accessible on the ClinicalTrials.gov database with code NCT06823466.
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
