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Article History

Received: 23 June 2026

Revised: 27 July 2026

Accepted: 29 July 2026

First Online: 19 August 2026

Change Date: 31 August 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: due to study cited as reference 22 does not accurately distinguish in the article.

Declarations

Conflicts of interest: Nipun Shrestha is a member of the Adelaide GRADE Centre and also a team member of the Australian MND Guideline. Zachary Munn is Director of the Adelaide GRADE Centre and received funding for the development of the Australian MND guideline from FightMND. Zachary Munn is also supported by an NHMRC grant APP1195676. Steve Vucic is the chair of the Australian MND guideline. Steve Vucic has received speaker honoraria and consultancy fees from Merck Serono Australia, Merck KGaA, Novartis, Bayer Schering, CSL Australia and Biogen Pty Ltd; he has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis Pharma, Merck Serono Australia and Bayer Schering Australia, and was a medical consultant for Merck Serono Australia until December 2013; he is director of a company that holds equity in Clene Nanomedicine, receives fees from Biogen for advisory board participation, and serves as chair of the Brain Foundation Australia scientific committee; he has received research grants from the Motor Neuron Disease Research Institute of Australia, the Sylvia & Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation, the Ramaciotti Foundation, and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.