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Article History

Received: 9 June 2022

Revised: 20 August 2022

Accepted: 30 August 2022

First Online: 9 September 2022

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects established by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; and by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

: The institutional review board (IRB) granted a waiver of informed consent for this study based on the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects established by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; and by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. The waiver was granted because the study was a retrospective chart review, not an interventional study. Nevertheless, at the request of the IRB, an outline of the study was published on the Aichi Medical University website that was available for public viewing, which also gave the patients an option to refuse to participate in the study, although none did. Personal identifiers were removed from the records prior to data analysis.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: None.