Tram, Justin K.
Yalamanchili, Siri P.
Ata, Ashar
Pauze, Denis R.
Wladis, Edward J.
Article History
Received: 17 October 2022
Revised: 12 April 2023
Accepted: 21 April 2023
First Online: 2 May 2023
Declarations
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. No funding was received for this research.
: This was a study utilizing a publicly available, national database. The IRB of Albany Medical College determined that our study did not need ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of Albany Medical College.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: The authors do not have any financial conflicts of interest to disclose.