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Article History

Received: 10 September 2024

Revised: 26 March 2025

Accepted: 22 April 2025

First Online: 3 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Samsung Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB No. 2021–09-002–001) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Samsung Medical Center Institutional Review Board given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.