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Article History

Received: 10 February 2025

Revised: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 5 August 2025

First Online: 3 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Informed consents were obtained before the inclusion. The study was registered in the National Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04727411). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant in the study. The informed consent allowed publication in peer-reviewed journals.

: NVA is a lecturer, consultant, or has received grants from Allergan/AbbVie, BRILL Pharma, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Laboratoirs Théa, Glaukos, Amgen, and GlaxoSmithKline. MP is a lecturer, consultant, or has received grants from Allergan/AbbVie, Laboratoirs Théa, Santen Pharmaceutical, BRILL Pharma, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Glaukos, VISUFarma, Heidelberg Engineering, and Esteve. MJM is a lecturer, consultant, or has received grants from is a consultant or has received a research grant from Allergan/AbbVie, Santen Pharmaceutical, BRILL Pharma, Glaukos, and Elios Vision. EM is a lecturer, consultant, or has received grants from Allergan/AbbVie, Santen Pharmaceutical, BRILL Pharma, Glaukos, Elios Vision, Rheon Medical, and Advanced Ophthalmic Innovations. The rest of the authors have no competing interests to declare.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were according to the ethical standards of the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki (in the latest version, October 2024), and ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Reference number HCB/2019/0035).