Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Revised: 17 August 2025

Accepted: 20 August 2025

First Online: 29 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Société Française d’Ophtalmologie and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.