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Article History

Received: 30 August 2025

Revised: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital (IRB approval number: 2024-04-019). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the institutional research committee waived the need to obtain informed consent.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.