Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271118)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-3)
Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Revised: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (KY-2023076).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.