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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Revised: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: This article does not contain any primary study with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

: As no human participants were involved, informed consent was not applicable.

: None.