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Authors
Zhang, Chenxi
Gilead, Noa
Jiang, Zehua
Fenner, Beau J.
Tan, Anna CS
Chan, Hiok Hong
Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong
Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-3516
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Medical Research Council Open Fund Large Collaborative Grant (OFLCG23 may-0032)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Revised: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (protocol R697/47/2009) and followed the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
