Shabudin, Abbas
Nik Mohamed, Nik Abdullah
El-Bouri, Wahbi
Payne, Stephen
Mohamed Mokhtarudin, Mohd Jamil
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2018/TK03/UMP/02/15)
Ministry of Education,Taiwan (#111V1004-2)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 19 March 2024
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.