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Authors
Lv, Xiaoyong
Luo, Zhaofa
Pan, Yanchen
Wang, Da
Yu, Zhiwu
Liu, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology (HSR202302)
Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (25A0259)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Revised: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 8 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
