Song, Zean https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0559-7128
Takada, Midori
Hong, Young-Jae
Endale, Baruck Tegegn
Nishio, Nanami
Horikoshi, Misuzu
Khine, May Thet
Matsunaga, Masaaki
He, Yupeng
Ota, Atsuhiko
Otsuka, Rei
Tamakoshi, Koji
Yatsuya, Hiroshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-9251
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (09470112, 12670352, 13470087,13770192, 15689011, 16590499, 17390185, 17790384, 18590594, 20590641, 20790438, 22390133, 23590787, 23659346, 25893088, 26293153, 15K08802, 16K19278, 18H03057, 19K19419, 20K10496, 22H03349, 23K24607; 24K23643)
Health and Labor Science (H26-Junkankitou [Seisaku]-Ippan-001, H29-Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-003, 20FA1002 and 23FA1006)
Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare (23JA1006)
Japan Atherosclerosis Prevention (Japan Atherosclerosis Prevention)
Aichi Health Promotion Foundation (Aichi Health Promotion Foundation)
Handashi Ishikai, General Inc. Association (Handashi Ishikai, General Inc. Association)
Uehara Memorial Fund (Uehara Memorial Fund)
Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (Approval No. 504-7). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was also registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000052544).
: No competing interest.