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Non-linear associations of blood volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with sleep health and mortality in American adults: data from the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2007–2012

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-025-02194-z

Published Online: 2026-02-03

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Chen, Ming

Wang, Yongshi

He, Yi

Pang, Ying

Tang, Lili https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1524-4617
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-03
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Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: As corresponding author, I declare that all coauthors have made a substantial contribution to the conception and design of the study and drafting or revising the manuscript. All coauthors approve the reviewed version submitted to General Hospital Psychiatry. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures performed by NHANES studies involving human participants were approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics. This study involving human participants was in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: All authors consent to this publication.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants from the NHANES. All individuals consented to participate.

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