Alahmari, Sami K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-9333
Orssatto, Lucas B. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3700
Shield, Anthony J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-2466
Trajano, Gabriel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-4257
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Taif University
Article History
Received: 18 July 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The funding for this work was provided by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Taif University. The submitted study did not receive any further funds, grants, or support from any organisation. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Additionally, the authors declare no pecuniary or other personal interest, direct or indirect, in any matter that raises or may raise a conflict of interest.
: An approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). This study’s procedures are consistent with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (Approval No. for ethics: 1900000372).
: All individual participants who were enrolled in this study provided informed consent.