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Authors
Zhu, Jieping
Zhu, Ting
Lai, Kangli
Hu, Chengyuan
Lv, Zixin
Lai, Chunyuan
Xu, Zhixiang
Su, Liqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-780X
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board ensures that research involving human participants protects the rights and welfare of study participants and conforms to U.S. federal regulations. The study protocol (Protocol Number: Protocol #2013-17 and Protocol #2018-01) was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board and all participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. ().
: Not applicable.
: The original data for the study are available on the NHANES website: .
