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Authors
Jalanko, Petri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-7275
Laitinen, Emilia
Vlachopoulos, Dimitris
Gao, Ying
Nurmi, Timo
Barker, Alan R.
Bond, Bert
Lee, Earric
Haapala, Eero A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Jyväskylä
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.
: The Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland, approved the study protocol in 2022 (5U/2021)
: Written informed consent was obtained from each adolescent’s parent or caregiver, and every adolescent provided assent to participation.
