Bidois, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0897-5238
Cumming, Christiaan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1936-5053
Giandolini, Marlene https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1507-8356
Nguyen, Anh Phong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1780
Hébert-Losier, Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-4986
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Waikato
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
:
: KHL and APN are speakers for the Running Clinicâ„¢, a continuing education organisation that translates scientific evidence to healthcare professionals and the public. This organisation was not directly involved with any part of this project. MG is an author and employee of Salomon SAS. Salomon SAS supplied all footwear used in the research, but did not participate in data collection, processing, or formal analyses. MG contributed to conceptualisation, methodology, resources, and manuscript writing/editing. No additional external funding was received for this study. All authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests.
: Participants provided informed consent to participant and to publish with approval also sought from legal guardians of participants younger than 16 years of age.