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Authors
Sage, Sean A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8680-0323
Smaira, Fabiana I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-4779
Aldous, Jeffrey W. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-4646
Morris, Martyn G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-2850
Blow, Andrew
Tye, Jonny
Newell, Michael L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-6555
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Precision Fuel Hydration (1)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: This work was co-funded by Precision Fuel & Hydration Ltd and the University of Bedfordshire via an Industry Match Funded PhD programme. A.B. and J.T. are founders and owners of Precision Fuel & Hydration Ltd. They have a financial interest in the company. A.B. and J.T. contributed to study design and approved the final manuscript as detailed in the Methods/Author Contributions. A.B. and J.T. were not involved in data collection, data analysis, interpreting data, producing figures, drafting the manuscript, reviewing or editing the manuscript. The authors declare no other competing interests.
