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Authors
Needles, Bradley J. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4101-6628
Kim, Sewan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-2309
Grabowski, Alena M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4432-618X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rocky Mountain American College of Sports Medicine (2022 Student Grant)
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: Bradley J. Needles, Sewan Kim, and Alena M. Grabowski have no conflicts of interest to report.
Ethical approval: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Colorado Institutional Review Board (Protocol# 23-0063).
Consent to participate: Prior to data collection, each participant provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
