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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K14435)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20H04117)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJBS2429)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 6 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. The results of the present study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the Waseda University Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 2022 − 350).
: All participants received verbal and written explanations of the study and provided written informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data.
