Braschi, Caitlyn
Liu, Jessica K.
Moazzez, Ashkan
Petrie, Beverley A.
Article History
Received: 21 May 2022
Accepted: 17 September 2022
First Online: 23 September 2022
Declarations
:
: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS-NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.