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Article History

Received: 27 November 2024

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 5 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Tropical College of Medicine Ethical Review Committee with a reference number of TCOM/Res/1517/2023. Following the approval, an Official letter of cooperation was written to Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital by the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tropical College of Medicine. Permission was obtained from the hospital CEO, Medical Director, and other concerned bodies working in the operation ward or room. Each study participant was communicated clearly about the objective of the study to obtain their verbal informed consent which was approved by a local ethical committee. Study Participants were informed of their full right to withdraw or refuse to participate in the study at any time. Privacy and confidentiality of information taken from each client were not released to a third person and names were not being recorded. All methods were performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.