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Authors
Shi, Kai
Wei, Hongxiang
Xu, Zhenyu
Luo, Yue
Zhang, Wenming
Chen, Xuanwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Fundation of Fujian Province (2022J01697)
Fujian Medical University Start Fund Project (2024QH2042)
Fujian Provincial Financial Project (BPB-2024CXW)
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
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: Written consent for publication was obtained from all participants. For cases involving identifiable images or sensitive data, participants provided specific authorization for their use in scientific publications.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This paper has not been published in any other journal, neither has it been presented at any conferences. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery . The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (include committee name and reference number) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Approval No. MTCA, ECFAH Of FMU [2026] 348), and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study. For participants under 18 years of age, written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians.
