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Article History

Received: 30 November 2023

Revised: 30 September 2024

Accepted: 1 December 2024

First Online: 25 January 2025

Declarations

: IDEFICS/I.Family Cohort

: During the IDEFICS and I.Family studies, all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed. Approval by following ethics committees was obtained by each of the centers doing the fieldwork: Ethics Committee of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium); Cyprus National Bioethics Committee (Cyprus); Tallinn Medical Research Ethics Committee (TMREC, Estonia); Ethics Committee of the University of Bremen (Germany); Ethics Committee of the Local Health Authority (ASL) in Avellino (Italy); Ethics Committee for Clinical Research of Aragon (CEICA, Spain); Regional Ethics Research Board in Gothenburg (Sweden); Bioethical Committee of the University of Rzeszów (Poland).

: Children who participated in the IDEFICS and I.Family studies did not undergo any procedure before both, they and their parents had given consent for examinations, collection of samples, subsequent analysis and storage of personal data and collected samples. Study subjects and their parents could consent to single components of the study while abstaining from others.

: The IDEFICS study () was financially supported by the European Commission within the Sixth RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 016181 (FOOD). The I.Family study () was funded by the European Commission within the Seventh RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 266044 (KBBE 2010–14). Additional resources were invested by all participating partners.

: The use of data of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort requires a mutual agreement between the study consortia and interested third parties on a case-by-case basis. Corresponding requests can be sent to the study coordinator: i.family@leibniz-bips.de.

: NAKO

: The German National Cohort (NAKO) study is performed with the approval of the relevant ethics committees, and is in accordance with national law and with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 (in the current, revised version).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: This project was conducted with data from the German National Cohort (NAKO) (). The NAKO is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [project funding reference numbers: 01ER1301A/B/C, 01ER1511D, and 01ER1801A/B/C/D], federal states of Germany and the Helmholtz Association, the participating universities and the institutes of the Leibniz Association. We thank all participants who took part in the NAKO study and the staff of this research initiative.

: Access to and use of NAKO data and biosamples can be obtained via an electronic application portal (https://transfer.nako.de).