Article History
Received: 8 August 2018
Revised: 20 January 2019
Accepted: 1 February 2019
First Online: 12 February 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this review formal consent is not required.
: Ottaviano Margaret and De Placido Sabino have not potential conflicts of interest.Ascierto Paolo Antonio has a consultant/advisory role for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Amgen, Array, Merck Serono, Pierre-Fabre, Incyte, NewLink Genetics, Genmab, Medimmune, AstraZeneca, Syndax, Sun Pharma, Sanofi, Idera, and Ultimovacs. He also received research funds from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, and Array.