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Authors
Hughes, Griffin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-7915
Tran, Andrew V.
Marouk, Sydney
Paul, Eli
Vassar, Matt
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional ethics review board. (IRB # 2023126).
: Our study enrolled no patients; therefore, patient consent is not applicable.
: Matt Vassar reports receipt of funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the U.S. Office of Research Integrity, Oklahoma Center for Advancement of Science and Technology, and internal grants from Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences — all outside of the present work.
