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Authors
Mahmoud, Wafaa A.
Alorjani, Mohammed S.
Al Bashir, Samir M.
Sharqiah, Qosay M.
Alomari, Sura B.
Al Bzour, Noor N.
Mahmoud, Saad A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology (Grant number: 20230334)
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2025
Revised: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of JUST and KAUH (reference number 5/160/2023). It adhered to all applicable national regulations and institutional policies regarding human research and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The IRB waived the requirement for informed consent to participate.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
