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Article History

Received: 26 November 2025

Revised: 10 March 2026

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The Danish Ethics Committee (nr. SJ-1016, 03/2023, amended 12/2023) and Region Zealand Research Register (Forskningsfortegnelse, nr. REG-016–2023, 10/2023, amended 03/2024) approved the study. Approval to obtain journal data was given under number EMN-2024–07267 (09/2024). The Danish Registry for Use of Tissue was checked to ensure that no patients included in this study were registered there. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymised archival material.

: Dusan Rasic and Elisabeth Ida Specht Stovgaard served as advisory board members for MSD Danmark. Truc Hoang and Thomas le Fevre are employees of MSD Denmark. Roberto Salgado served as advisory board member for BMS, Roche, Astra Zeneca, Daichii Sankyo, Exact Sciences. RS has received research funding by Roche, Puma, Merck, BMS. RS is member of an advisory group to the Belgian Government on reimbursement of assays in genomics and pathology. RS is co-Chair of The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group ( ). RS has no financial conflicts of interest related to the current work presented. Johan Hartman has obtained speaker's honoraria or advisory board remunerations from Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, Sakura and has received institutional research support from Roche, MSD and Novartis. Johan Hartman and Mattias Rantalainen are co-founders and shareholders of Stratipath AB. Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm served as advisory board member for MSD and Astra Zeneca and has received institutional grant from MSD and AstraZeneca and travel expenses from Daiichi Sankyo and Astra Zeneca. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.