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Article History

Received: 30 October 2024

Revised: 27 February 2025

Accepted: 3 March 2025

First Online: 13 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The HBSC study complied with national guidelines and regulation regarding data protection, and ethics approval. The legislation and guidelines changed over time. Considering our surveys from 2010 and 2014, the Danish Data Protection Authority granted acceptance (Case No. 2013–54-0576). The surveys from 2018 and 2022 were registered within the institution (Case 10.622, University of Southern Denmark). The research group had no access to information that can identify participants. According to section 14 in the Danish Scientific Ethical Committees Act, there is no request for ethical approval of population-based questionnaire surveys ().

: The study complied with national legislation about consent to participate. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the University of Southern Denmark, Case No. 10.622. In all surveys, we received approval from the school principal, the school board representing the parents, and the board of schoolchildren representing the schoolchildren in every participating school. We informed the participants orally and in writing about the purpose of the study, that data collection was pseudonymised and voluntary, that publication of data would be in a pseudonymised format, and that data could be used for research with similar purposes by approval of University of Southern Denmark. In 2018 and 2022, we also provided written information to the parents about the study. The parents also received an electronic link to a short video with information about the study and that participation was voluntary and confidential as well as an electronic link by which they could reject their child’s participation in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.