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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Revised: 10 July 2025

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The data employed in this research were of a secondary nature, drawn from the 2022 Turkey Health Survey micro datasets provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). These datasets are made available to researchers upon request and the payment of a specified fee. Since the data are anonymized, no personally identifiable details are revealed, thereby upholding par-ticipant confidentiality. As a result, this study utilized a pre-existing, publicly accessible secondary dataset, and did not necessitate any further consent or ethical approval. This practice aligns with earlier studies that used previous versions of the several dataset [, ], where no additional re-search permissions or ethical committee approvals were required for producing scientific outputs. All participants provided informed consent prior to participating in the study.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.