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Authors
Fall, Julia
Sindelar, Richard
Helenius, Malin
Penno, Eva
Nelin, Leif D.
Markasz, Laszlo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gillbergska stiftelsen
Uppsala University
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Revised: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Board in Uppsala, DNR 2023–03297-01, and therefore complies with Swedish national laws and regulations on ethical review of medical research, which are in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent to participate is not applicable, as the ethical review board considered it nonethical to approach parents of deceased infants in this retrospective study.
: Parental consent is not applicable according to the ethical review board, due to the retrospective design of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
